/*
 * Copyright (c) Contributors, https://github.com/jonc/osboids
 * See CONTRIBUTORS.TXT for a full list of copyright holders.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of the OpenSimulator Project nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE DEVELOPERS ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
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 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using OpenMetaverse;

namespace Flocking
{
	public class Boid
	{
		private string m_id;
		
		private Vector3 m_loc;
		private Quaternion m_rotation;
		private Vector3 m_vel;
		private Vector3 m_acc;
		private Random m_rndnums = new Random (Environment.TickCount);
		private float m_tolerance;		// how close can we get to things witout being edgy	 
		private float m_maxForce;    	// Maximum steering force
		private float m_maxSpeed;    	// Maximum speed
		
		private float m_width = 255f;
		private float m_height = 255f;
		
		private float m_neighborDist = 25.0f;
		private float m_desiredSeparation = 20.0f;

		
		/// <summary>
		/// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="Flocking.Boid"/> class.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name='l'>
		/// L. the initial position of this boid
		/// </param>
		/// <param name='ms'>
		/// Ms. max speed this boid can attain
		/// </param>
		/// <param name='mf'>
		/// Mf. max force / acceleration this boid can extert
		/// </param>
		public Boid (string id, float ms, float mf)
		{
			m_id = id;
			m_acc = Vector3.Zero;
			m_vel = new Vector3 (m_rndnums.Next (-1, 1), m_rndnums.Next (-1, 1), m_rndnums.Next (-1, 1));
    
			m_tolerance = 2.0f;
			m_maxSpeed = ms;
			m_maxForce = mf;
		}
		
		public Vector3 Location {
			get { return m_loc;}
			set { m_loc = value; }
		}

		public Vector3 Velocity {
			get { return m_vel;}
		}
		
		public Quaternion Rotation {
			get { return m_rotation; }
		}
		
		public String Id {
			get {return m_id;}
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Moves our boid in the scene relative to the rest of the flock.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name='boids'>
		/// Boids. all the other chaps in the scene
		/// </param>
		public void MoveInSceneRelativeToFlock (List<Boid> boids)
		{
			Vector3 previousLoc = new Vector3( m_loc );
			Flock (boids);
			UpdatePositionInScene ();
			AvoidBorders ();
			
			m_rotation = Vector3.RotationBetween( previousLoc, m_loc );
			
			//render();
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Move within our flock
		/// 
		/// We accumulate a new acceleration each time based on three rules
		/// these are:
		/// our separation from our closest neighbours,
		/// our desire to keep travelling within the local flock,
		/// our desire to move towards the flock centre
		/// 
		/// </summary>
		void Flock (List<Boid> boids)
		{
	
			// calc the force vectors on this boid 		
			Vector3 sep = Separate (boids);   // Separation
			Vector3 ali = Align (boids);      // Alignment
			Vector3 coh = Cohesion (boids);   // Cohesion
			
			// Arbitrarily weight these forces
			//TODO: expose these consts		
			sep *= 1.5f; //.mult(1.5);
			//ali.mult(1.0);
			ali *= 1.0f;
			//coh.mult(1.0);
			coh *= 1.0f;
			
			// Add the force vectors to the current acceleration of the boid
			//acc.add(sep);
			m_acc += sep;
			//acc.add(ali);
			m_acc += ali;
			//acc.add(coh);
			m_acc += coh;
		}
		

		/// <summary>
		/// Method to update our location within the scene.
		/// update our location in the world based on our 
		/// current location, velocity and acceleration
		/// taking into account our max speed
		/// 
		/// </summary> 
		void UpdatePositionInScene ()
		{
			// Update velocity
			//vel.add(acc);
			m_vel += m_acc;
			// Limit speed
			//m_vel.limit(maxspeed);
			m_vel = Util.Limit (m_vel, m_maxSpeed);
			m_loc += m_vel;
			// Reset accelertion to 0 each cycle
			m_acc *= 0.0f;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Seek the specified target. Move into that flock
		/// Accelerate us towards where we want to go
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name='target'>
		/// Target. the position within the flock we would like to achieve
		/// </param>
		void Seek (Vector3 target)
		{
			m_acc += Steer (target, false);
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Arrive the specified target. Slow us down, as we are almost there
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name='target'>
		/// Target. the flock we would like to think ourselves part of
		/// </param>
		void arrive (Vector3 target)
		{
			m_acc += Steer (target, true);
		}

		/// A method that calculates a steering vector towards a target
		/// Takes a second argument, if true, it slows down as it approaches the target
		Vector3 Steer (Vector3 target, bool slowdown)
		{
			Vector3 steer;  // The steering vector
			Vector3 desired = Vector3.Subtract(target, m_loc);  // A vector pointing from the location to the target
			float d = desired.Length (); // Distance from the target is the magnitude of the vector
			// If the distance is greater than 0, calc steering (otherwise return zero vector)
			if (d > 0) {
				// Normalize desired
				desired.Normalize ();
				// Two options for desired vector magnitude (1 -- based on distance, 2 -- maxspeed)
				if ((slowdown) && (d < 100.0f)) { 
					desired *= (m_maxSpeed * (d / 100.0f)); // This damping is somewhat arbitrary
				} else { 
					desired *= m_maxSpeed;
				}
				// Steering = Desired minus Velocity
				//steer = target.sub(desired,m_vel);
				steer = Vector3.Subtract (desired, m_vel);
				//steer.limit(maxforce);  // Limit to maximum steering force
				steer = Util.Limit (steer, m_maxForce);
			} else {
				steer = Vector3.Zero;
			}
			return steer;
		}

		
		/// <summary>
		/// Borders this instance.
		/// if we get too close wrap us around 
		/// CHANGE THIS to navigate away from whatever it is we are too close to
		/// </summary>
		void AvoidBorders ()
		{
			if (m_loc.X < 5 || m_loc.X > 250)
				m_vel.X = -m_vel.X;
			if (m_loc.Y < 5 || m_loc.Y > 250)
				m_vel.Y = -m_vel.Y;
			if (m_loc.Z < 21 || m_loc.Z > 271 )
				m_vel.Z = -m_vel.Z;
		}
		
		/// <summary>
		/// Separate ourselves from the specified boids.
		/// keeps us a respectable distance from our closest neighbours whilst still 
		/// being part of our local flock
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name='boids'>
		/// Boids. all the boids in the scene
		/// </param>
		Vector3 Separate (List<Boid> boids)
		{
			Vector3 steer = new Vector3 (0, 0, 0);
			int count = 0;
			// For every boid in the system, check if it's too close
			foreach (Boid other in boids) {
				float d = Vector3.Distance (m_loc, other.Location);
				// If the distance is greater than 0 and less than an arbitrary amount (0 when you are yourself)
				if ((d > 0) && (d < m_desiredSeparation)) {
					// Calculate vector pointing away from neighbor
					Vector3 diff = Vector3.Subtract (m_loc, other.Location);
					diff.Normalize ();
					diff = Vector3.Divide (diff, d);
					steer = Vector3.Add (steer, diff);			
					count++;            // Keep track of how many
				}
			}
			// Average -- divide by how many
			if (count > 0) {
				steer /= (float)count;
			}

			// As long as the vector is greater than 0
			if (steer.Length () > 0) {
				// Implement Reynolds: Steering = Desired - Velocity
				steer.Normalize ();
				steer *= m_maxSpeed;
				steer -= m_vel;
				//steer.limit(maxforce);
				steer = Util.Limit (steer, m_maxForce);
			}
			return steer;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Align our boid within the flock.
		/// For every nearby boid in the system, calculate the average velocity
		/// and move us towards that - this keeps us moving with the flock.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name='boids'>
		/// Boids. all the boids in the scene - we only really care about those in the neighbourdist
		/// </param>
		Vector3 Align (List<Boid> boids)
		{
			Vector3 steer = new Vector3 (0, 0, 0);
			int count = 0;
			foreach (Boid other in boids) {
				float d = Vector3.Distance (m_loc, other.Location);
				if ((d > 0) && (d < m_neighborDist)) {
					steer += other.Velocity;
					count++;
				}
			}
			if (count > 0) {
				steer /= (float)count;
			}

			// As long as the vector is greater than 0
			if (steer.Length () > 0) {
				// Implement Reynolds: Steering = Desired - Velocity
				steer.Normalize ();
				steer *= m_maxSpeed;
				steer -= m_vel;
				//steer.limit(maxforce);
				steer = Util.Limit (steer, m_maxForce);
				
			}
			return steer;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// MAintain the cohesion of our local flock
		/// For the average location (i.e. center) of all nearby boids, calculate our steering vector towards that location
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name='boids'>
		/// Boids. the boids in the scene
		/// </param>
		Vector3 Cohesion (List<Boid> boids)
		{
    
			Vector3 sum = Vector3.Zero;   // Start with empty vector to accumulate all locations
			int count = 0;
			
			foreach (Boid other in boids) {
				float d = Vector3.Distance (m_loc, other.Location);
				if ((d > 0) && (d < m_neighborDist)) {
					sum += other.Location; // Add location
					count++;
				}
			}
			if (count > 0) {
				sum /= (float)count;
				return Steer (sum, false);  // Steer towards the location
			}
			return sum;
		}
	}
}